Average Student Loan Debt by Year (2026 stats)

Federal loans are originated under U.S. Department of Education programs with standardized repayment and hardship options. Private loans are credit-based contracts from banks or non-federal lenders with terms that vary by borrower.

Median debt describes a typical borrower balance in a cohort. Aggregate national debt sums dollars across every borrower—headlines often mix the two. Check whether a figure is “among borrowers” vs “all Americans.”

Income-driven plans tie monthly payments to earnings and can discharge remaining balances after qualifying payments. Policy details and eligibility change with federal rules—verify current law before citing dollar impacts.

Defaults occur after sustained non-payment past defined thresholds. Rates depend on the cohort tracked (e.g., borrowers who entered repayment in a given year). Compare cohorts and sectors rather than unrelated percentages.

Scorecard emphasizes institution-reported borrowing among students who receive federal aid where fields exist. National surveys may include private borrowing or different populations—match population and year before contrasting numbers.

Historical trend analysis of student loan debt from 2015 to 2023, showing how debt levels have changed over time.

Figures draw on College Scorecard, and Census ACS. Use Data Sources for exact tables, APIs, and methodology notes.

If another outlet shows a different total, check whether the cohort (all borrowers vs undergraduates only), academic year, and data source match. Mixing definitions is the most common reason charts appear to conflict.

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