Executive Summary

About 33,580 plumbers work nationally, and $48,710 is the BLS national median annual wage. Projections imply about 6.1% annual decline; much hiring sits in construction.

Plumbers: what the data shows

Common questions about plumbers careers, answered from BLS OEWS and O*NET in this repository.

What is a plumbers?

Plumbers is tracked by the Bureau of Labor Statistics under SOC 47-2151.

Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters

U.S. employment in our OEWS extract is about 33,580 workers.

What does a plumbers do?

O*NET work activities rated highest for this occupation include Handling and Moving Objects, Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment, Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials, Controlling Machines and Processes, Performing General Physical Activities, Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates, and related tasks. See Work Activities for the full list.

How much does a plumbers make?

BLS national median annual wage: $48,710 (May 2024 in our extract).

Mean annual wage in our occupational extract: $79,263 — higher than the median, which often reflects top earners in the distribution.

Wage percentiles below are from the California OEWS extract (not national unless noted).

Wage percentileAnnual wage
10th percentile$48,814
25th percentile$57,852
Median (50th)$80,385
75th percentile$101,673
90th percentile$116,352

What skills do you need?

O*NET ratings for this occupation emphasize skills such as Operation and Control, Operations Monitoring, Active Listening, Coordination, Critical Thinking, Quality Control Analysis, and knowledge areas including Building and Construction, Mechanical, Mathematics, Public Safety and Security. See Education & Skills for detail.

Is plumbers in demand?

Historical employment trend in our series implies about 6.1% annual decline (compound rate in the extract).

Five-year projected employment change: -27.1%.

Ten-year projected employment change: -46.9%.

Current U.S. headcount: 33,580.

We report federal series only—compare wages, growth, and openings against your target market.

Where do plumberss work?

Top industries by employment share in our OEWS industry extract:

IndustryEmploymentShare
Cross-industry33,58019.1%
Cross-industry, Private Ownership only27,98015.9%
Construction26,61015.2%
Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction16,9209.6%
Utility System Construction13,6407.8%
Specialty Trade Contractors8,6104.9%

See Industry for charts.

What degrees lead to this career?

Common majors for Plumbers in O*NET:

See Related degrees.

What careers are related?

Other occupations linked through shared degree pathways in our mapping:

OccupationU.S. employmentMedian wage
Electrical and Electronics Repairers59,990$71,300
Carpenters697,740$59,310
HVAC Technicians396,870$59,810
Electricians742,580$62,350
Mechanical Engineers286,760$102,320
Aircraft Mechanics and Service Technicians136,390$78,680
Computer Hardware Engineers75,710$155,020

Employment

Employment and salary information for the Plumbers workforce.

Employment Over Time

33,580 U.S. workforce (OEWS)

California employment for Plumbers shrank from 15,480 in 2009 to 5,620 in 2025 (63.7%).

Historical employment for Plumbers from the California OEWS series, 2009–2025. The U.S. workforce figure is national and is not the endpoint of this line.

Yearly Wage Ranking

$48,710 Median pay (BLS national)

Plumbers earn $48,710 as the BLS national median annual wage.

Wage ranking compared to other occupations.

Wage Distribution

This chart shows the distribution of average salaries by income buckets for Plumbers.

Salary distribution for Plumbers.

Employment Growth Projections

-6.1% Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR)

4,094 Projected Employment (5 years)

Projected growth: -27.1%

2,983 Projected Employment (10 years)

Projected growth: -46.9%

This occupation is experiencing a decline. Consider related fields with better growth prospects.

Historical employment trends and future projections for Plumbers.

Industry

Information on the industries that employ Plumbers and on wages for those in the field.

Occupations by Industries

This graphic shows the share of Plumbers employed by various industries.

Industry distribution for Plumbers.

Wage Trends by Industry

3.1% Average Annual Wage Growth Rate

Total, All Industry: 26.9% growth (Current: $83,961)

Historical wage growth trends by industry for Plumbers.

Geographic Distribution

Employment and wage information by geographic location for Plumbers.

State employment and wages are from the U.S. BLS OEWS May 2024 state extract. Metropolitan areas use the national MSA file when available.

Top States by Employment

Top States by Employment:

  • TX: 6,200 employees, $44,930 avg wage
  • FL: 4,240 employees, $46,690 avg wage
  • NC: 3,120 employees, $45,750 avg wage
  • GA: 1,860 employees, $46,290 avg wage
  • CA: 1,720 employees, $77,000 avg wage
  • WA: 1,360 employees, $80,670 avg wage
  • VA: 1,200 employees, $50,090 avg wage
  • IN: 1,160 employees, $70,200 avg wage
  • OH: 900 employees, $62,120 avg wage
  • AL: 720 employees, $43,940 avg wage

Top 10 states by employment for Plumbers.

Top Metropolitan Areas

Top Metropolitan Areas:

  • Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX: 1,730 employees, $45,790 avg wage
  • Houston-Pasadena-The Woodlands, TX: 1,630 employees, $45,140 avg wage
  • Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC: 1,050 employees, $47,510 avg wage
  • Austin-Round Rock-San Marcos, TX: 1,010 employees, $48,300 avg wage
  • Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA: 940 employees, $49,290 avg wage
  • Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA: 820 employees, $84,010 avg wage
  • Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL: 790 employees, $49,330 avg wage
  • Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV: 660 employees, $58,230 avg wage
  • Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL: 660 employees, $46,600 avg wage
  • Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL: 590 employees, $47,480 avg wage

Top 10 metropolitan statistical areas by employment for Plumbers.

Diversity

Demographic information on Plumbers in the US.

Gender and Age

The U.S. workforce for Plumbers is about 33,580 people in our OEWS extract.

Gender and age distribution for Plumbers.

Races

Racial and ethnic shares when present in the career dataset. If the chart area shows a notice instead, occupational race/ethnicity fields are not yet populated for this extract.

Race and ethnicity distribution for Plumbers.

Education & Skills

Data on higher education choices and required skills for Plumbers.

Majors

The most common majors achieved by Plumbers in 2023 were Plumbing Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Technical Training.

Common majors for Plumbers.

Education Levels

The main educational levels achieved by Plumbers workers.

Education level distribution for Plumbers.

Skills

Plumbers need many skills, but most especially Operation and Control, Operations Monitoring, Active Listening, Coordination, Critical Thinking.

Required skills for Plumbers.

Knowledge & Abilities

Knowledge areas and abilities required for Plumbers.

Knowledge Areas

The most important knowledge areas for Plumbers include Building and Construction, Mechanical, Mathematics, Public Safety and Security, Design.

Knowledge areas required for Plumbers.

Abilities

Key abilities needed for Plumbers include Arm-Hand Steadiness, Control Precision, Oral Comprehension, Near Vision, Extent Flexibility.

Required abilities for Plumbers.

Work Activities

Common work activities performed by Plumbers.

Daily Activities

Plumbers spend their time on activities such as Handling and Moving Objects, Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment, Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials, Controlling Machines and Processes, Performing General Physical Activities.

Most important work activities for Plumbers.

About

Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters

Plumbers earn $48,710 as the BLS national median annual wage.

SOC Code

47-2151 - Plumbers

Insights and Analysis

Compensation snapshot: Plumbers reports an average salary of $79,263.

Labor market presence: The current workforce is approximately 33,580 workers, indicating sustained demand.

Forward outlook: Projected annual decline is -6.1%, which should inform long-term career planning.

Data Sources

This page uses data from the following sources:

  • College Scorecard - U.S. Department of Education
    • Institutional characteristics, costs, completion rates, and earnings data
    • Data years: 2015-2024
    • Source: collegescorecard.ed.gov
  • Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS)
    • Employment and wage data by occupation
    • Latest data: May 2024
    • Source: bls.gov/oes
  • O*NET Online - U.S. Department of Labor
    • Occupational skills, knowledge, abilities, and work activities
    • Database version: 28.0 (August 2023)
    • Source: onetcenter.org
  • IPEDS (Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System) - National Center for Education Statistics
    • Institutional data, completions, enrollment, and financial aid
    • Data years: 2015-2024
    • Source: nces.ed.gov/ipeds
  • Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS)
    • Demographic and workforce data
    • Latest data: 2023 ACS 5-Year Estimates
    • Source: census.gov/acs

Data Processing: All data has been processed, cleaned, and aggregated for presentation. Where specific data points are unavailable, estimates are based on available data and clearly marked.

Last Updated: Data reflects the most recent available information as of January 2025.

Methodology

Data for this profile is sourced from the Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS), and O*NET Online.

All wage figures represent annual averages and may vary by location, industry, and experience level.